This era of APIs was defined by Salesforce, eBay, and Amazon, and these companies continue to dominate the API playing field today. In the early 2000s, web APIs emerged as a new method for emerging startups to not only make products and services available online, but to also enable partners and third-party resellers to extend the reach of their platforms. The history of APIs since that period can be roughly broken down into the following five phases: Phase 1: Commercial APIs APIs have been around for decades, with modern web APIs first taking shape in the early 2000s. In order to fully understand the role that APIs play in our lives, it's important to understand how they have evolved. For instance, if a user wants to see all of the products at an e-commerce store, the API client will send a GET request to the /products endpoint. Endpoints are Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) that provide access to specific resources in a database. The API client is responsible for assembling requests in response to user actions and sending them to the appropriate API endpoint. Once that metaphor makes sense, you can go a level deeper and start reviewing the different components of an API, starting with the API client. The kitchen staff is like the API server because it creates the order according to the customer's specifications and gives it to the waiter, who then delivers it to the customer. The waiter is like an API, receiving the customer's order and translating it into easy-to-follow instructions for the kitchen-sometimes using specific codes or abbreviations that the kitchen staff will recognize. In this metaphor, the customer is like the user, who tells the waiter what she wants. In order to better understand this process, it can be useful to think of APIs like restaurants. The request is sent to the API, which retrieves the data and returns it to the user. A user initiates a request for data by interacting with an application. This happens through a request and response cycle. APIs work by sharing data between applications, systems, and devices.
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